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Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency.

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Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Seizure free.
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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Seizure free.

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Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Reduction in seizure frequency.
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Relaxation therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Reduction in seizure frequency.

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Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (Group CBT).
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (Group CBT).

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Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Seizure free (Group CBT).
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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Seizure free (Group CBT).

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Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Effect of Individual/Group CBT on seizures.
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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Effect of Individual/Group CBT on seizures.

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Comparison 3 Galvanic skin response biofeedback, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency.
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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Galvanic skin response biofeedback, Outcome 1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency.

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Comparison 1. Relaxation therapy versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Show forest plot

3

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Relaxation therapy versus attention control

3

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Relaxation therapy versus no intervention

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Seizure free Show forest plot

3

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Relaxation therapy versus attention control

3

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Relaxation therapy versus no intervention

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Reduction in seizure frequency Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 Relaxation therapy versus no intervention

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 Relaxation therapy versus attention control

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Relaxation therapy versus control
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Comparison 2. Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (Group CBT) Show forest plot

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Group cognitive behaviour therapy versus no intervention

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Group cognitive behaviour therapy versus attention control

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Seizure free (Group CBT) Show forest plot

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Group cognitive behaviour therapy versus attention control

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Group cognitive behaviour therapy versus no intervention

1

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Effect of Individual/Group CBT on seizures Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 6 months follow‐up

1

27

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.16 [‐7.18, ‐3.14]

3.2 1 year follow‐up

1

27

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.18 [‐7.14, ‐3.22]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Cognitive behavioural therapy versus control
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Comparison 3. Galvanic skin response biofeedback

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency Show forest plot

1

18

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

12.81 [1.88, 87.06]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 3. Galvanic skin response biofeedback
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