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Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position.

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 2 Posterior position at delivery.
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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 2 Posterior position at delivery.

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 3 Epidural analgesia.
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 3 Epidural analgesia.

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 4 Caesarean section.
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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 4 Caesarean section.

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 5 Assisted delivery.
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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Hands and knees posture in pregnancy, Outcome 5 Assisted delivery.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 2 Lateral/posterior position at delivery.
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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 2 Lateral/posterior position at delivery.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 4 Operative delivery.
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Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 4 Operative delivery.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 5 Perineal trauma.
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Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 5 Perineal trauma.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 6 Apgar scores< 7 at 1 minute.
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Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 6 Apgar scores< 7 at 1 minute.

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 7 Apgar scores > 7 at 5 mins.
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Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Hands and knee posture during labour, Outcome 7 Apgar scores > 7 at 5 mins.

Comparison 1. Hands and knees posture in pregnancy

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position Show forest plot

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.26 [0.18, 0.38]

2 Posterior position at delivery Show forest plot

1

2547

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.06 [0.85, 1.32]

3 Epidural analgesia Show forest plot

1

2547

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.90, 1.14]

4 Caesarean section Show forest plot

1

2547

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.80, 1.20]

5 Assisted delivery Show forest plot

1

2547

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.07 [0.88, 1.31]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Hands and knees posture in pregnancy
Comparison 2. Hands and knee posture during labour

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Persistent lateral/posterior fetal position Show forest plot

1

141

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.80, 1.02]

2 Lateral/posterior position at delivery Show forest plot

1

122

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.47, 1.21]

4 Operative delivery Show forest plot

1

147

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.78 [0.46, 1.32]

5 Perineal trauma Show forest plot

1

147

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.02 [0.77, 1.36]

6 Apgar scores< 7 at 1 minute Show forest plot

1

147

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.18, 1.37]

7 Apgar scores > 7 at 5 mins Show forest plot

1

147

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.22 [0.01, 4.50]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Hands and knee posture during labour