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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 1 Atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 1 Atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 2 Asthma in first 18 months.
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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 2 Asthma in first 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 3 Allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis in first 18 months.
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 3 Allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis in first 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 4 Allergic urticaria in first 18 months.
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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 4 Allergic urticaria in first 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 5 Any atopic condition in first 18 months.
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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 5 Any atopic condition in first 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 6 Positive skin prick test to egg at 6 months.
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Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 6 Positive skin prick test to egg at 6 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 7 Positive skin prick test to egg at 18 months.
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Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 7 Positive skin prick test to egg at 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 8 Positive skin prick test to milk at 6 months.
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Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 8 Positive skin prick test to milk at 6 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 9 Positive skin prick test to milk at 18 months.
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Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 9 Positive skin prick test to milk at 18 months.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 10 Detectable cord blood IgE (>= .125 U/ml).
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Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 10 Detectable cord blood IgE (>= .125 U/ml).

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 11 Cord blood IgE > 1 U/ml.
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Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 11 Cord blood IgE > 1 U/ml.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 12 Preterm birth.
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Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 12 Preterm birth.

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 13 Gestational weight gain (as % of prepregnancy weight).
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Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 13 Gestational weight gain (as % of prepregnancy weight).

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Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 14 Birth weight (g).
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Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 14 Birth weight (g).

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Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 1 Incidence of atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months.
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 1 Incidence of atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months.

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Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 2 Severity of atopic eczema (score).
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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 2 Severity of atopic eczema (score).

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Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 3 Birth weight (g).
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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring, Outcome 3 Birth weight (g).

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Comparison 3 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants, Outcome 1 Eczema area score.
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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants, Outcome 1 Eczema area score.

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Comparison 3 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants, Outcome 2 Eczema activity score.
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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants, Outcome 2 Eczema activity score.

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Comparison 1. Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months Show forest plot

3

372

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.67, 1.33]

2 Asthma in first 18 months Show forest plot

2

334

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.22 [0.39, 12.67]

3 Allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis in first 18 months Show forest plot

1

163

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Allergic urticaria in first 18 months Show forest plot

1

163

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.21, 4.87]

5 Any atopic condition in first 18 months Show forest plot

1

163

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.42, 1.38]

6 Positive skin prick test to egg at 6 months Show forest plot

2

340

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.58 [0.32, 1.05]

7 Positive skin prick test to egg at 18 months Show forest plot

2

335

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.52, 1.74]

8 Positive skin prick test to milk at 6 months Show forest plot

2

340

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.15 [0.29, 4.51]

9 Positive skin prick test to milk at 18 months Show forest plot

2

335

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.16, 4.59]

10 Detectable cord blood IgE (>= .125 U/ml) Show forest plot

2

287

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.94, 1.44]

11 Cord blood IgE > 1 U/ml Show forest plot

1

91

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.81 [1.00, 7.90]

12 Preterm birth Show forest plot

2

236

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

10.06 [0.53, 192.26]

13 Gestational weight gain (as % of prepregnancy weight) Show forest plot

1

164

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐5.21, ‐0.79]

14 Birth weight (g) Show forest plot

2

236

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐83.45 [‐221.87, 54.97]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Maternal antigen avoidance in pregnancy in women at high risk for atopic offspring
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Comparison 2. Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Incidence of atopic eczema in first 12‐18 months Show forest plot

3

194

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.56 [0.36, 0.86]

2 Severity of atopic eczema (score) Show forest plot

2

168

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐11.05 [‐16.57, ‐5.52]

3 Birth weight (g) Show forest plot

1

26

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐100.0 [‐485.52, 285.52]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation in women at high risk for atopic offspring
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Comparison 3. Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Eczema area score Show forest plot

1

34

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.80 [‐4.43, 2.83]

2 Eczema activity score Show forest plot

1

34

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.40 [‐7.18, 4.38]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 3. Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for treating atopic eczema in infants
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